Second Relapse of Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report on Current Treatment Strategies and Outcome of the AML-BFM Study Group

Successful management of relapse is critical to improve outcomes children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated response, survival and prognostic factors after a second AML. Among 1222 pediatric patients the population-based AML-Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster (BFM) study group (2004 until 2017), 73 met quality parameters for inclusion in this study. Central review source documentation warranted accuracy reported data. Treatment approaches included palliation 17 (23%), intensive therapy curative intent (n = 46, 63%) other regimens 10). Twenty-five (35%) received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 21 whom (88%) had prior HSCT. Survival was poor, five-year probability overall (pOS) 15 ± 4% 31 9% following HSCT 25). Early (within one year first relapse) associated dismal outcome (pOS 2 2%, n 44 vs. 33 9%, 29; p < 0.0001). A third complete remission (CR) required survival: 31% 14) treatment achieved CR pOS 36 13%, while 28 (62%) were non-responders 7 5%). In conclusion, poor but possible, particularly late an chemotherapy followed by This analysis provides baseline future planning.